**Course Title:** Mastering Rust: From Basics to Systems Programming **Section Title:** Modules, Crates, and Packages **Topic:** Set up a Rust project using Cargo and organize code with modules.(Lab topic) **Objective:** In this lab, you'll learn how to set up a new Rust project using Cargo and organize your code using modules. By the end of this lab, you'll be able to create a new project, understand the basic directory structure, and organize your code into modules. **Create a new project using Cargo** Cargo is the package manager for Rust. It allows you to create new projects, manage dependencies, and build and test your code. To create a new project, open a terminal and run the following command: ```bash cargo new myproject ``` This command creates a new directory called `myproject` with the basic directory structure for a Rust project. **Understanding the project directory structure** When you create a new project using Cargo, you'll see the following directories and files: ```plain myproject/ Cargo.toml Cargo.lock src/ main.rs .gitignore ``` * `Cargo.toml`: This is the configuration file for your project. It specifies the metadata for your project, including the name, version, and dependencies. * `Cargo.lock`: This file is generated by Cargo and specifies the exact versions of your dependencies. * `src/`: This directory contains the source code for your project. * `main.rs`: This is the entry point for your program. * `.gitignore`: This file specifies the files and directories that Git should ignore. **Organizing code with modules** In Rust, you can organize your code into modules. A module is a collection of related items, such as functions, types, and constants. You can use modules to group related code together and make your code easier to understand and maintain. To create a new module, you can create a new file in the `src/` directory. For example, you can create a new file called `math.rs` to contain mathematical functions. **Declaring modules** You can declare a module using the `mod` keyword. For example: ```rust // main.rs mod math; fn main() { // Use functions from the math module println!("2 + 2 = {}", math::add(2, 2)); } // math.rs pub fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 { x + y } ``` In this example, we declare a new module called `math` in the `main.rs` file. We then define a function called `add` in the `math.rs` file. **Using modules** You can use modules by importing them into your code. You can import modules using the `use` keyword. For example: ```rust // main.rs use myproject::math; fn main() { println!("2 + 2 = {}", math::add(2, 2)); } ``` In this example, we import the `math` module from the `myproject` module. **Practice** Create a new project using Cargo and organize your code into modules. Create a `math` module with several mathematical functions. Use the `math` module in your `main` function to perform mathematical operations. **Reference:** * [Cargo documentation](https://doc.crates.io/) * [Rust documentation: Modules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch07-02-modules.html) **Help and Feedback:** If you have any questions or need help with this lab, please leave a comment below. We'll do our best to help you!