**Course Title:** Mastering Rust: From Basics to Systems Programming **Section Title:** Control Flow and Functions **Topic:** Implement control flow and functions in Rust through practical exercises.(Lab topic) **Introduction** Now that we have covered the basics of Rust syntax, ownership, borrowing, and lifetimes, it's time to put our knowledge into practice by implementing control flow and functions in Rust through practical exercises. In this topic, we will dive deeper into the world of control flow and functions in Rust and provide hands-on exercises to reinforce your understanding of these concepts. **Exercise 1: Conditional Statements** In this exercise, we will practice using conditional statements to control the flow of our program. **Task:** Write a Rust program that takes the age of a person as input and prints out whether they are eligible to vote or not. Assume the voting age is 18. **Solution:** ```rust use std::io; fn main() { println!("Enter your age:"); let mut age = String::new(); io::stdin().read_line(&mut age).expect("Failed to read line"); let age: i32 = age.trim().parse().expect("Please type a number!"); if age >= 18 { println!("You are eligible to vote."); } else { println!("You are not eligible to vote."); } } ``` **Explanation:** * We use the `io` module to read input from the user. * We use a `String` to store the user's input and parse it into an `i32` using `parse`. * We use an `if` statement to check if the user's age is greater than or equal to 18. * If true, we print out a message indicating that the user is eligible to vote. * If false, we print out a message indicating that the user is not eligible to vote. **Exercise 2: Looping Constructs** In this exercise, we will practice using looping constructs to repeat a block of code. **Task:** Write a Rust program that prints out the numbers from 1 to 10 using a `loop`. **Solution:** ```rust fn main() { let mut i = 1; loop { println!("{}", i); i += 1; if i > 10 { break; } } } ``` **Explanation:** * We use a `loop` statement to repeat a block of code. * We use a mutable variable `i` to keep track of the current number. * We use a `break` statement to exit the loop when `i` is greater than 10. * We print out the current number using `println!`. **Exercise 3: Functions** In this exercise, we will practice defining and calling functions in Rust. **Task:** Write a Rust program that defines a function `add` that takes two integers as input and returns their sum. **Solution:** ```rust fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 { x + y } fn main() { let result = add(2, 3); println!("The result is: {}", result); } ``` **Explanation:** * We define a function `add` that takes two integers as input and returns their sum. * We use the `->` symbol to indicate the return type of the function. * We use the `fn` keyword to define the function. * We call the function using its name and pass in two arguments. * We print out the result of the function call using `println!`. **Exercise 4: Closures** In this exercise, we will practice using closures in Rust. **Task:** Write a Rust program that defines a closure that takes a string as input and returns a greeting message. **Solution:** ```rust fn main() { let greet = |name: &str| { println!("Hello, {}!", name); }; greet("Alice"); greet("Bob"); } ``` **Explanation:** * We define a closure `greet` that takes a string as input and returns a greeting message. * We use the `|` symbol to indicate the input parameters of the closure. * We use the `=>` symbol to indicate the return type of the closure (in this case, `()`). * We call the closure using its name and pass in a string argument. **Conclusion** In this topic, we have practiced implementing control flow and functions in Rust through practical exercises. We have covered conditional statements, looping constructs, functions, and closures. By working through these exercises, you should now have a solid understanding of how to control the flow of your program and define reusable blocks of code. **Additional Resources:** * For more information on control flow in Rust, see the [Rust documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html). * For more information on functions in Rust, see the [Rust documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-03-functions.html). * For more information on closures in Rust, see the [Rust documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-01-closures.html). **Leave a Comment or Ask for Help:** If you have any questions or need help with any of the exercises, feel free to leave a comment below.