**Course Title:** Mastering Rust: From Basics to Systems Programming **Section Title:** Data Structures: Arrays, Vectors, and Strings **Topic:** Create a program that uses arrays, vectors, and strings effectively.(Lab topic) ### Objective In this lab, we will design and implement a simple database management system that stores book information using arrays, vectors, and strings. By the end of this lab, you will have hands-on experience creating and manipulating these data structures in Rust. ### Problem Statement Create a program called `book_db` that allows users to store, display, and search book information. Each book should have the following attributes: `title`, `author`, and `year`. The program should have the following features: 1. Initialize a vector to store book information 2. Add a new book to the vector 3. Print all books in the vector 4. Search for books by author or title ### Code Implementation ```rust // Define a struct for Book struct Book { title: String, author: String, year: i32, } impl Book { fn new(title: &str, author: &str, year: i32) -> Book { Book { title: title.to_string(), author: author.to_string(), year, } } // Method to print book information fn print(&self) { println!("{} by {} ({})", self.title, self.author, self.year); } } fn main() { // Initialize a vector to store book information let mut books = Vec::new(); // Hardcoded data for demonstration purposes let hardcoded_books = [ Book::new("Rust Programming", "Author 1", 2020), Book::new("Data Structures and Algorithms", "Author 2", 2019), Book::new("System Programming", "Author 3", 2021), ]; // Add hardcoded data to the vector for book in hardcoded_books.iter() { books.push(book.clone()); } loop { println!("Book Database Menu:"); println!("1. Add a new book"); println!("2. Print all books"); println!("3. Search for books by author or title"); println!("4. Quit"); let mut choice = String::new(); std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut choice).expect("Invalid input"); let choice: i32 = match choice.trim().parse() { Ok(num) => num, Err(_) => { println!("Invalid input. Please enter a number."); continue; } }; match choice { 1 => add_book(&mut books), 2 => print_books(&books), 3 => search_books(&books), 4 => break, _ => println!("Invalid option. Please choose a valid option."), } } } // Function to add a new book to the vector fn add_book(books: &mut Vec<Book>) { println!("Enter book title: "); let mut title = String::new(); std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut title).expect("Failed to read line"); println!("Enter book author: "); let mut author = String::new(); std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut author).expect("Failed to read line"); println!("Enter book year: "); let mut year = String::new(); std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut year).expect("Failed to read line"); // Parse year to integer let year: i32 = match year.trim().parse() { Ok(num) => num, Err(_) => { println!("Invalid input. Please enter a number."); return; } }; let book = Book::new(&title.trim(), &author.trim(), year); books.push(book); } // Function to print all books in the vector fn print_books(books: &Vec<Book>) { for (index, book) in books.iter().enumerate() { println!("Book {}:", index + 1); book.print(); println!(); // empty line for readability } } // Function to search for books by author or title fn search_books(books: &Vec<Book>) { println!("Enter keyword to search by author or title: "); let mut keyword = String::new(); std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut keyword).expect("Failed to read line"); for book in books.iter() { if book.author.contains(&keyword.trim()) || book.title.contains(&keyword.trim()) { book.print(); println!(); // empty line for readability } } } ``` ### Explanation and Key Concepts * We define a `Book` struct with attributes `title`, `author`, and `year`. * We implement methods `new` for creating a new book and `print` for displaying book information. * In the `main` function, we use a `loop` to provide a menu-driven interface for the user to interact with the book database. * We use `Vec` to store book information, and we allow users to add new books, print all books, search for books by author or title, and quit the program. * We use `match` and `if let` to handle errors during input parsing. ### Practical Takeaways * This lab demonstrates how to effectively use arrays, vectors, and strings in Rust. * It highlights how to define and implement custom structs and methods. * It showcases how to use `Vec` to store and manipulate data. * It emphasizes the importance of error handling during input parsing. ### Try it Yourself Run the provided code, and interact with the book database by adding books, printing books, searching for books, and quitting the program. Try to modify the code to add more features or error handling. **Additional Resources:** * [Rust Documentation: Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) * [Rust Documentation: String](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) * [Rust by Example: Vectores and Strings](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/std/vec.html) **Leave a Comment** If you have any questions or need further clarification on any of the concepts covered in this lab, please leave a comment below.