**Course Title:** Mastering CodeIgniter Framework: Fast, Lightweight Web Development **Section Title:** Routing, Controllers, and Views in CodeIgniter **Topic:** Create a basic CodeIgniter application with dynamic routes, controllers, and views. **Course Objective:** By the end of this topic, you will be able to: * Understand the concept of routing in CodeIgniter * Set up a basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) application using dynamic routes, controllers, and views * Use CodeIgniter's routing system to map URLs to specific controllers and methods * Create a basic CRUD application with user input validation and error handling **Getting Started** In the previous topic, you learned about the basics of CodeIgniter's MVC architecture, routing system, controllers, and views. Now, it's time to apply these concepts to build a basic web application. **Step 1: Create a New CodeIgniter Project** Create a new CodeIgniter project using the following command in your terminal: ```bash composer create-project codeigniter4/app -b mysql ``` This will create a basic CodeIgniter project with a MySQL database, PHP version 7.2, and Composer managed dependencies. **Step 2: Define the Route** In CodeIgniter, routes are defined in the `app/Config/Router.php` file. This file maps the URL to a specific controller and method. Let's create a simple route for our CRUD application: ```php // app/Config/Router.php $routes->get('/', 'Welcome::index'); $routes->get('/users', 'Users::index'); $routes->get('/users/create', 'Users::create'); $routes->get('/users/:id', 'Users::show'); $routes->get('/users/:id/edit', 'Users::edit'); $routes->post('/users', 'Users::create'); $routes->put('/users/:id', 'Users::update'); $routes->delete('/users/:id', 'Users::delete'); ``` This route maps the following URLs to specific controllers and methods: * `/`: The welcome page * `/users`: Displays a list of all users * `/users/create`: Creates a new user * `/users/:id`: Displays a single user with the ID `:id` * `/users/:id/edit`: Allows editing a single user with the ID `:id` * `/users`: Creates a new user * `/users/:id`: Updates a single user with the ID `:id` * `/users/:id`: Deletes a single user with the ID `:id` **Step 3: Create the Controllers** Create a new controller for the `Users` model: ```php // app/Controllers/Users.php namespace App\Controllers; use CodeIgniter\Controller; class Users extends Controller { public function index() { // Display a list of all users $data['title'] = 'Users List'; $this->view->render('users/index', $data); } public function create() { // Display a form to create a new user $this->form->initialize([ 'action' => 'users', 'method' => 'post', 'rules' => [ 'name' => [ 'rules' => 'required| postseason minimum_length[3]|valid_email' ], 'email' => [ 'rules' => 'required| postseason minimum_length[3]|valid_email' ], 'password' => [ 'rules' => 'required| postseason minimum_length[3]' ] ] ]); $this->view->render('users/create', ['form' => $this->form]); } public function show($id) { // Display a single user with the ID :id $data['title'] = 'User Details'; $data['user'] = $this->db->where('id', $id)->firstrow('users'); $this->view->render('users/show', $data); } public function edit($id) { // Display a form to edit a single user with the ID :id $data['title'] = 'Edit User: ' . $id; $data['user'] = $this->db->where('id', $id)->firstrow('users'); $this->form->initialize([ 'action' => 'users/put/' . $id, 'method' => 'post', 'rules' => [ 'name' => [ 'rules' => 'required| postseason minimum_length[3]|valid_email' ], 'email' => [ 'rules' => 'required| postseason minimum_length[3]|valid_email' ], 'password' => [ 'rules' => 'required| postseason minimum_length[3]' ] ] ]); $this->view->render('users/edit', ['form' => $this->form, 'user' => $data['user']]); } public function update($id) { // Update a single user with the ID :id $id = $this->input->Post('id'); $this->db->where('id', $id)->update('users', [ 'name' => $this->input->Post('name'), 'email' => $this->input->Post('email'), 'password' => $this->input->Post('password') ]); session()->setFlashdata('success', 'User updated successfully!'); return redirect()->to('/users/' . $id); } public function delete($id) { // Delete a single user with the ID :id $this->db->where('id', $id)->delete('users'); session()->setFlashdata('success', 'User deleted successfully!'); return redirect()->to('/users'); } } ``` **Step 4: Create the Views** Create a new file `users/index.php` in the `app/Views/Users/` directory: ```php <!-- app/Views/Users/index.php --> <h1><?php echo $title; ?></h1> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Email</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <?php foreach ($data['users'] as $user) { ?> <tr> <td><?php echo $user->id; ?></td> <td><?php echo $user->name; ?></td> <td><?php echo $user->email; ?></td> </tr> <?php } ?> </tbody> </table> ``` Create a new file `users/create.php` in the `app/Views/Users/` directory: ```php <!-- app/Views/Users/create.php --> <h1><?php echo $title; ?></h1> <form action="<?php echo site_url('users'); ?>" method="post"> <label for="name">Name:</label> <input type="text" name="name" required> <br> <label for="email">Email:</label> <input type="email" name="email" required> <br> <label for="password">Password:</label> <input type="password" name="password" required> <br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form> ``` Create a new file `users/show.php` in the `app/Views/Users/` directory: ```php <!-- app/Views/Users/show.php --> <h1><?php echo $title; ?></h1> <p>ID: <?php echo $user->id; ?></p> <p>Name: <?php echo $user->name; ?></p> <p>Email: <?php echo $user->email; ?></p> ``` Create a new file `users/edit.php` in the `app/Views/Users/` directory: ```php <!-- app/Views/Users/edit.php --> <h1><?php echo $title; ?></h1> <form action="<?php echo site_url('users/put/' . $id); ?>" method="post"> <label for="name">Name:</label> <input type="text" name="name" value="<?php echo $user->name; ?>" required> <br> <label for="email">Email:</label> <input type="email" name="email" value="<?php echo $user->email; ?>" required> <br> <label for="password">Password:</label> <input type="password" name="password" required> <br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form> ``` That's it! You now have a basic CRUD application with dynamic routes, controllers, and views. You can test it by running `vendor_ package` as Windows in the command mimic thereforeyou keto joined health Time. Exercise: 1. Add a new route for a login page. 2. Create a new controller for the login functionality. 3. Create a new view for the login page. 4. Implement the login functionality to authenticate users. 5. Add a new route for a dashboard page. 6. Create a new controller for the dashboard functionality. 7. Create a new view for the dashboard page. Leave a comment or ask for help if you need assistance with any of the exercises. I will provide guidance and support to ensure you successfully complete the lab topic.