**Course Title:** Testing Frameworks: Principles and Practices **Section Title:** End-to-End Testing **Topic:** Build E2E tests for a web application using Cypress.(Lab topic) **Overview** In this hands-on lab, you will learn how to build End-to-End (E2E) tests for a web application using Cypress. Cypress is a popular testing framework that provides a simple and intuitive API for writing E2E tests. By the end of this lab, you will have a solid understanding of how to write efficient and effective E2E tests using Cypress. **Prerequisites** Before starting this lab, make sure you have: 1. A basic understanding of JavaScript and HTML/CSS 2. Familiarity with the concepts of E2E testing and Cypress 3. Node.js installed on your machine 4. A code editor or IDE (e.g., Visual Studio Code) **Lab Environment Setup** To set up the lab environment, follow these steps: 1. Create a new project folder and navigate to it in your terminal/command prompt. 2. Run the command `npm init` to create a new `package.json` file. 3. Install Cypress by running the command `npm install --save-dev cypress`. 4. Create a new folder called `cypress` and navigate to it. 5. Create a new file called `e2e.cy.js` and open it in your code editor. **Writing Your First E2E Test** In this lab, you will write E2E tests for a simple web application that displays a login form. Your goal is to test the following scenarios: 1. The login form is displayed on the page. 2. The user can enter their username and password. 3. The user can submit the form. Here's an example code snippet to get you started: ```javascript // e2e.cy.js describe('Login Form', () => { it('displays the login form', () => { cy.visit('http://localhost:3000/login'); cy.get('form[name="login-form"]').should('be.visible'); }); it('allows user to enter username and password', () => { cy.get('input[name="username"]').type('username'); cy.get('input[name="password"]').type('password'); }); it('allows user to submit the form', () => { cy.get('button[type="submit"]').click(); }); }); ``` In this example, you're using the `describe` block to group related tests together. The `it` blocks define individual tests for each scenario. The `cy` object provides a chainable API for performing actions on the page. **Running Your Tests** To run your tests, navigate to the `cypress` folder and execute the command `cypress run`. This will launch the Cypress test runner, which will execute your tests and display the results. **Best Practices and Tips** When writing E2E tests with Cypress, keep the following best practices in mind: * Use `cy.visit()` to navigate to the page before performing any actions. * Use `cy.get()` to retrieve elements on the page and perform actions on them. * Use `should()` to assert that the element is visible or has the expected attributes. * Keep your tests concise and focused on a single scenario. * Use descriptive names for your tests to make them easy to understand. **Additional Resources** For more information on Cypress and E2E testing, check out the following resources: * [Cypress Documentation](https://docs.cypress.io/) * [Cypress GitHub Repository](https://github.com/cypress-io/cypress) **Get Help** If you're having trouble with this lab or have questions, feel free to leave a comment below. **Next Topic** In the next topic, we will explore the concept of mocking and stubbing in testing. **What's Next?** In the next topic, "What is Mocking and Stubbing?", we will delve into the world of testing and explore the concepts of mocking and stubbing. We will discuss the differences between mocking and stubbing, and learn how to use them effectively in our tests. Stay tuned!