**Course Title:** Version Control Systems: Mastering Git **Section Title:** Troubleshooting and Best Practices **Topic:** Identify and resolve common Git issues in a provided scenario.(Lab topic) **Introduction** As a Git user, you will inevitably encounter issues that require troubleshooting. In this lab, you will work through a series of scenarios that simulate common Git problems, and learn how to identify and resolve them. By the end of this lab, you will have practical experience in debugging and fixing Git issues, and be better equipped to manage your own Git repositories. **Lab Setup** For this lab, you will need a local Git repository. If you don't have one set up already, create a new directory and initialize a Git repository using the command `git init`. **Scenario 1: Untracked Files** You have been working on a project, and forgot to add some new files to your Git repository. When you run `git status`, you see a list of untracked files. How do you add these files to your repository? **Solution** To add untracked files, you can use the `git add` command followed by the file name. For example: ``` git add file1.txt git add file2.txt ``` Alternatively, you can use `git add .` to add all untracked files in the current directory. **Scenario 2: Conflicting Changes** You and a colleague are working on the same file, and you both make changes to the same line of code. When you try to merge your changes, Git reports a conflict. How do you resolve this conflict? **Solution** To resolve a conflict, you need to manually edit the file to resolve the differences between your changes and your colleague's changes. You can use `git diff` to see the conflicting changes, and then edit the file to merge the changes. Once you have resolved the conflict, you can commit the file using `git commit`. **Scenario 3: Lost Commits** You made some changes to your code and committed them, but now you can't find the commit in your repository. How do you recover the lost commit? **Solution** To recover a lost commit, you can use `git reflog` to find the commit hash. Once you have the commit hash, you can use `git reset` to reset your repository to the lost commit. For example: ``` git reflog git reset --hard <commit_hash> ``` **Scenario 4: Remote Repository Errors** You are trying to push changes to a remote repository, but Git reports an error. How do you diagnose and resolve the error? **Solution** To diagnose and resolve a remote repository error, you can use `git remote` to check the remote repository configuration. You can also use `git push` with the `--verbose` option to see more detailed output. If the error persists, you may need to contact the repository administrator or check the repository's documentation for troubleshooting guides. **Conclusion** In this lab, you have worked through four common Git scenarios and learned how to identify and resolve them. You have practiced using `git add`, `git diff`, `git reflog`, and `git remote` to troubleshoot and fix issues in your Git repository. **References** * Git Documentation: [https://git-scm.com/docs](https://git-scm.com/docs) * Git Hub Documentation: [https://docs.github.com/en/github](https://docs.github.com/en/github) **Calling for Help** If you are having trouble with a specific Git issue and can't find the solution in the documentation or in this lab, please leave a comment below describing your issue, and we will try to help you troubleshoot it. **What's Next** In the next topic, we will cover "Integrating Git with IDEs (e.g., Visual Studio, IntelliJ)". We will explore how to use Git with popular Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) and learn how to manage your Git repository from within your IDE.