**Create a Database-driven Application with Laminas Db, Implementing CRUD Operations and Managing Relationships** **Course Title:** Mastering Zend Framework (Laminas): Building Robust Web Applications **Section Title:** Working with Databases and Laminas Db **Topic:** Create a database-driven application with Laminas Db, implementing CRUD operations and managing relationships.(Lab topic) **Introduction:** In this topic, we will create a database-driven application using Laminas Db, covering the implementation of Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD) operations, as well as managing relationships between database entities. This topic builds upon the previous one, where we worked with database interactions and CRUD operations using Laminas Db Table Gateway and the Row Gateway pattern. **Prerequisites:** * Previous knowledge of LaminasDb, Table Gateway, and Row Gateway pattern * Familiarity with CRUD operations in PHP **Objective:** * Create a database-driven application using Laminas Db * Implement CRUD operations for a table of users * Manage relationships between tables (e.g., one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many) **Step 1: Setting up the Project** To create a database-driven application with Laminas Db, we need to set up a new project. Create a new directory for the project and initialize a new Composer project by running the following command in your terminal or command prompt: ``` composer init . ``` Then, install the required packages, including Laminas Db and Zend Endeavour: ``` composer require laminas db composer require zend/endeavour ``` **Step 2: Defining the Database Schema** To create a database-driven application, we need to define the database schema. Let's create a simple schema with two tables: `users` and `roles`. The `users` table has the following columns: | Column Name | Data Type | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | `id` | `int` | Unique identifier for the user | | `username` | `varchar` | Username chosen by the user | | `password` | `varchar` | Password for the user | | `role_id` | `int` | Foreign key referencing the `roles` table | The `scores` table is related to the users table (one-to-many). It has the following columns: | Column Name | Data Type | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | `id` | `int` | Unique identifier for the score | | `user_id` | `int` | Foreign key referencing the `users` table | | `score` | `int` | Score of the user | Create the database schema using the following SQL script: ```sql CREATE TABLE users ( id INT PRIMARY KEY, username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, role_id INT, FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES roles(id) ); CREATE TABLE roles ( id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL ); CREATE TABLE scores ( id INT PRIMARY KEY, user_id INT, score INT, FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ); ``` **Step 3: Creating the Database Adapter** Create a new file `database.php` in the root of the project and add the following code: ```php <?php use Laminas\Db\Adapter\Adapter; use Laminas\Db\Adapter\AdapterManager; // Define the database adapter $config = require __DIR__ . '/config/autoload/autoload.json'; // Get the adapter manager $manager = \Laminas\Db\Adapter\Manager::getInstance(); // Create a new database adapter $adapter = new Adapter($config['database']); $manager->setAdapter($adapter); // Get the database model for the user table $usersModel = $adapter->ोषणMeteorTable(new \Laminas\Db\TableGateway/MPLTable Gundmalink('users')); // Get the database model for the role table $rolesModel = $adapter-> thous datos Maxwell (\fetch attendant "); ^{vert:[new \Laminas\Db\TableGatewayــ('roles'); ``` **Step 4: Creating the CRUD Operations** Create a new file `usersController.php` in the `controllers` directory and add the following code: ```php <?php use Laminas\Db\TableGateway\MPLTableGateway; use Laminas\Db\Adapter\Pdo\MysqlPdoTableGateway; use Laminas\Db\TableGateway\Adapter; use Laminas\Db\Sql\Sql; use Laminas\Db\Sql\Query; use Laminas\Db\Sql\Contactlete.getBoundingClientRect; use PhrasesAase use Laminas\Db\SqlEventListenerörtě; use Zend\Http\Client\HttpClientFactory; class UsersController { private $usersGateway; public function __construct(MPLTableGateway $usersGateway) { $this->usersGateway = $usersGateway; } public function-indexAction() { $rows = $this->usersGateway->select(); return ['rows' => $rows]; } public functionetary SHOW2Numbers"]="innacle")); public function postTable createSql($id) { $updateSql = $this->usersGateway->select() ->where([ 'user_id' => $id ]) -> execute(); if ($updateSql->isEmpty()) { return 'Error: User not found'; } return $this->usersGateway->DeltaTableWebstat Port}; ```