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About Developer

Khamisi Kibet

Khamisi Kibet

Software Developer

I am a computer scientist, software developer, and YouTuber, as well as the developer of this website, spinncode.com. I create content to help others learn and grow in the field of software development.

If you enjoy my work, please consider supporting me on platforms like Patreon or subscribing to my YouTube channel. I am also open to job opportunities and collaborations in software development. Let's build something amazing together!

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    infor@spinncode.com
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    Nairobi, Kenya
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10 Months ago | 65 views

**Course Title:** Ruby Programming: From Basics to Advanced Techniques **Section Title:** Modules, Mixins, and Gems **Topic:** Understanding modules and their uses ## Introduction to Modules ----------------------------- In Ruby, a module is a collection of methods, classes, and constants that can be used in other parts of a program. Modules are similar to classes, but they cannot be instantiated and do not support inheritance. Instead, they serve as a way to organize and reuse code. ## Defining a Module --------------------- A module is defined using the `module` keyword, followed by the name of the module. Here is a simple example of a module that contains a single method: ```ruby # Define a module called 'Greeting' module Greeting def self.hello puts "Hello, world!" end end ``` ## Using a Module ------------------ To use a module, you can include it in a class or another module using the `include` or `extend` keywords. ### Include When you include a module in a class, its methods become instance methods of the class. ```ruby # Include the Greeting module in a class class MyClass include Greeting end # Create an instance of MyClass and call the hello method obj = MyClass.new obj.hello # => undefined method `hello' (NoMethodError) ``` Because `hello` is a class method, you cannot call it on an instance of the class. Instead, you can define `hello` as an instance method: ```ruby module Greeting def hello puts "Hello, world!" end end ``` ```ruby # Create an instance of MyClass and call the hello method obj = MyClass.new obj.hello # => Hello, world! ``` ### Extend When you extend a module with another module, its methods become class methods. ```ruby # Extend a class with the Greeting module class MyClass extend Greeting end # Call the hello method on MyClass MyClass.hello # => Hello, world! ``` ## Use Cases for Modules ------------------------ ### Organizing Code Modules can help organize code by grouping related methods and classes together. ### Avoiding Namespace Pollution Modules can help avoid namespace pollution by providing a separate namespace for methods and classes. ### Creating Utilities Modules can be used to create utility modules that provide a set of reusable methods. ## Best Practices ------------------ * Use modules to organize code and avoid namespace pollution. * Define methods in modules as instance methods or class methods depending on their intended use. * Use `include` to add instance methods to a class and `extend` to add class methods. **Practical Exercise:** 1. Define a module called `MathUtils` with methods for performing mathematical operations, such as `add`, `subtract`, `multiply`, and `divide`. 2. Include the `MathUtils` module in a class called `Calculator` and demonstrate how to use its methods. **Additional Resources:** * [Ruby Documentation: Modules](https://ruby-doc.org/core-3.0.2/Module.html) * [Ruby Guides: Modules](https://rubyguides.com/2018/11/ruby-modules/) **Leave a comment or ask for help**: If you have any questions or need further clarification on any of the concepts covered in this topic, please don't hesitate to ask. We'll be happy to help. Next topic: 'Using mixins to add functionality.'
Course

Ruby Modules: Organization and Reuse

**Course Title:** Ruby Programming: From Basics to Advanced Techniques **Section Title:** Modules, Mixins, and Gems **Topic:** Understanding modules and their uses ## Introduction to Modules ----------------------------- In Ruby, a module is a collection of methods, classes, and constants that can be used in other parts of a program. Modules are similar to classes, but they cannot be instantiated and do not support inheritance. Instead, they serve as a way to organize and reuse code. ## Defining a Module --------------------- A module is defined using the `module` keyword, followed by the name of the module. Here is a simple example of a module that contains a single method: ```ruby # Define a module called 'Greeting' module Greeting def self.hello puts "Hello, world!" end end ``` ## Using a Module ------------------ To use a module, you can include it in a class or another module using the `include` or `extend` keywords. ### Include When you include a module in a class, its methods become instance methods of the class. ```ruby # Include the Greeting module in a class class MyClass include Greeting end # Create an instance of MyClass and call the hello method obj = MyClass.new obj.hello # => undefined method `hello' (NoMethodError) ``` Because `hello` is a class method, you cannot call it on an instance of the class. Instead, you can define `hello` as an instance method: ```ruby module Greeting def hello puts "Hello, world!" end end ``` ```ruby # Create an instance of MyClass and call the hello method obj = MyClass.new obj.hello # => Hello, world! ``` ### Extend When you extend a module with another module, its methods become class methods. ```ruby # Extend a class with the Greeting module class MyClass extend Greeting end # Call the hello method on MyClass MyClass.hello # => Hello, world! ``` ## Use Cases for Modules ------------------------ ### Organizing Code Modules can help organize code by grouping related methods and classes together. ### Avoiding Namespace Pollution Modules can help avoid namespace pollution by providing a separate namespace for methods and classes. ### Creating Utilities Modules can be used to create utility modules that provide a set of reusable methods. ## Best Practices ------------------ * Use modules to organize code and avoid namespace pollution. * Define methods in modules as instance methods or class methods depending on their intended use. * Use `include` to add instance methods to a class and `extend` to add class methods. **Practical Exercise:** 1. Define a module called `MathUtils` with methods for performing mathematical operations, such as `add`, `subtract`, `multiply`, and `divide`. 2. Include the `MathUtils` module in a class called `Calculator` and demonstrate how to use its methods. **Additional Resources:** * [Ruby Documentation: Modules](https://ruby-doc.org/core-3.0.2/Module.html) * [Ruby Guides: Modules](https://rubyguides.com/2018/11/ruby-modules/) **Leave a comment or ask for help**: If you have any questions or need further clarification on any of the concepts covered in this topic, please don't hesitate to ask. We'll be happy to help. Next topic: 'Using mixins to add functionality.'

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