**Course Title:** Mastering C#: From Fundamentals to Advanced Programming **Section Title:** Object-Oriented Programming in C# **Topic:** Create classes and objects to model real-world scenarios and use inheritance.(Lab topic) **Objective:** By the end of this topic, you will be able to create classes and objects that accurately model real-world scenarios, apply inheritance to create a hierarchy of related classes, and demonstrate an understanding of how to use inheritance to promote code reusability and modularity. **What is Inheritance?** In inheritance, a new class (the derived class) is created based on an existing class (the base class). The derived class inherits all the properties, methods, and fields of the base class and can also add new members or override the ones inherited from the base class. **Creating a Base Class:** Let's create a simple example to demonstrate inheritance. We will start by creating a `Vehicle` class that will serve as our base class. ```csharp // Define the Vehicle class public class Vehicle { // Declare fields private string make; private string model; private int year; // Constructor public Vehicle(string make, string model, int year) { this.make = make; this.model = model; this.year = year; } // Properties public string Make { get { return make; } set { make = value; } } public string Model { get { return model; } set { model = value; } } public int Year { get { return year; } set { year = value; } } // Method public void DisplayDetails() { Console.WriteLine("Make: " + make); Console.WriteLine("Model: " + model); Console.WriteLine("Year: " + year); } } ``` **Creating a Derived Class:** Now, let's create a `Car` class that will inherit from the `Vehicle` class. ```csharp // Define the Car class public class Car : Vehicle { // Declare fields private int doors; private int EngineSize; // Constructor public Car(string make, string model, int year, int doors, int EngineSize) : base(make, model, year) { this.doors = doors; this.EngineSize = EngineSize; } // Properties public int Doors { get { return doors; } set { doors = value; } } public int EngineSizeProperty { get { return EngineSize; } set { EngineSize = value; } } // Override the DisplayDetails method public override void DisplayDetails() { base.DisplayDetails(); Console.WriteLine("Doors: " + doors); Console.WriteLine("Engine Size: " + EngineSize + "cc"); } } ``` **Using the Derived Class:** Now that we have created the `Car` class, let's use it to create a `Car` object and demonstrate how the inheritance works. ```csharp // Create a Car object Car myCar = new Car("Toyota", "Corolla", 2005, 4, 1600); // Call the DisplayDetails method myCar.DisplayDetails(); ``` **Output:** ``` Make: Toyota Model: Corolla Year: 2005 Doors: 4 Engine Size: 1600cc ``` **Key Concepts:** * Inheritance allows a class to inherit the properties, methods, and fields of another class. * A derived class inherits from a base class using the colon (:) operator followed by the name of the base class. * A derived class can add new members or override the ones inherited from the base class. * The `override` keyword is used to override a method in the base class. * The `base` keyword is used to access the members of the base class. **Practical Takeaways:** * Use inheritance to create a hierarchy of related classes. * Use inheritance to promote code reusability and modularity. * Use the `override` keyword to override methods in the base class. * Use the `base` keyword to access the members of the base class. **Recommended Reading:** For more information on inheritance and object-oriented programming in C#, please refer to the following resources: * Microsoft Documentation: [Inheritance (C# Programming Guide)](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/inheritance) * C# Corner: [C# Inheritance Tutorial](https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/c-sharp-inheritance-tutorial/) **Leave a Comment or Ask for Help:** If you have any questions or need further clarification on any of the concepts covered in this topic, please leave a comment below.