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About Developer

Khamisi Kibet

Khamisi Kibet

Software Developer

I am a computer scientist, software developer, and YouTuber, as well as the developer of this website, spinncode.com. I create content to help others learn and grow in the field of software development.

If you enjoy my work, please consider supporting me on platforms like Patreon or subscribing to my YouTube channel. I am also open to job opportunities and collaborations in software development. Let's build something amazing together!

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    infor@spinncode.com

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    Nairobi, Kenya
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7 Months ago | 54 views

**Course Title:** Modern CSS: Responsive Design and Advanced Techniques **Section Title:** Custom Properties (CSS Variables) and Calc() **Topic:** Use custom properties and the calc() function to create a theme-able webpage.(Lab topic) **Objective:** In this lab, you will learn how to use custom properties and the calc() function to create a theme-able webpage. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to define and use custom properties, perform dynamic calculations with the calc() function, and create a theme-able webpage. **Materials Needed:** * A text editor or IDE of your choice * A web browser for testing and debugging * A basic understanding of HTML, CSS, and CSS variables **Step 1: Define Custom Properties** Custom properties, also known as CSS variables, allow you to define reusable values in your CSS code. To define a custom property, use the `--variable-name` syntax: ```css :root { --primary-color: #3498db; --secondary-color: #f1c40f; --font-size: 16px; } ``` In this example, we define three custom properties: `--primary-color`, `--secondary-color`, and `--font-size`. **Step 2: Use Custom Properties** To use a custom property, simply reference it in your CSS code using the `var()` function: ```css body { background-color: var(--primary-color); font-size: var(--font-size); } button { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: #fff; padding: var(--font-size); } ``` **Step 3: Perform Dynamic Calculations with the calc() Function** The calc() function allows you to perform dynamic calculations in your CSS code. To use the calc() function, pass a mathematical expression as an argument: ```css .container { width: calc(100% - 20px); padding: calc(10px + 10px); } ``` In this example, the calc() function is used to calculate the width and padding of the container element. **Step 4: Create a Theme-able Webpage** Using custom properties and the calc() function, create a basic webpage with a theme that can be easily switched. Create an HTML file with the following structure: ```html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Theme-able Webpage</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"> </head> <body> <header> <nav> <ul> <li><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#">About</a></li> <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li> </ul> </nav> </header> <main> <section> <h1>Welcome to our webpage!</h1> <p>This is a theme-able webpage using custom properties and the calc() function.</p> </section> </main> <footer> <p>© 2023 Modern CSS</p> </footer> </body> </html> ``` Create a CSS file with the following code: ```css :root { --primary-color: #3498db; --secondary-color: #f1c40f; --font-size: 16px; } body { font-size: var(--font-size); background-color: var(--primary-color); } header { background-color: var(--secondary-color); padding: calc(10px + 10px); } nav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } nav li { margin-right: 20px; } nav a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } section { max-width: calc(100% - 20px); margin: 20px auto; padding: 20px; background-color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } ``` **Challenge: Switch the Theme** To switch the theme, update the custom properties in the `:root` block: ```css :root { --primary-color: #f1c40f; --secondary-color: #3498db; } ``` This will switch the primary and secondary colors of the webpage. **Conclusion:** In this lab, you learned how to use custom properties and the calc() function to create a theme-able webpage. By defining and using custom properties, performing dynamic calculations with the calc() function, and creating a basic webpage with a theme that can be easily switched, you have gained hands-on experience with these advanced CSS techniques. **Additional Resources:** * [MDN Web Docs: Custom Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Using_CSS_custom_properties) * [MDN Web Docs: calc() function](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/calc) **Leave a comment or ask for help:** If you have any questions or need help with this lab, feel free to leave a comment below. I'll do my best to assist you. **What's next:** In the next topic, we'll explore CSS preprocessors and why they are useful. We'll cover the basics of Sass and Less, and how they can improve your CSS workflow.
Course
CSS
Responsive
Flexbox
Grid
Sass

Using Custom Properties and Calc()

**Course Title:** Modern CSS: Responsive Design and Advanced Techniques **Section Title:** Custom Properties (CSS Variables) and Calc() **Topic:** Use custom properties and the calc() function to create a theme-able webpage.(Lab topic) **Objective:** In this lab, you will learn how to use custom properties and the calc() function to create a theme-able webpage. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to define and use custom properties, perform dynamic calculations with the calc() function, and create a theme-able webpage. **Materials Needed:** * A text editor or IDE of your choice * A web browser for testing and debugging * A basic understanding of HTML, CSS, and CSS variables **Step 1: Define Custom Properties** Custom properties, also known as CSS variables, allow you to define reusable values in your CSS code. To define a custom property, use the `--variable-name` syntax: ```css :root { --primary-color: #3498db; --secondary-color: #f1c40f; --font-size: 16px; } ``` In this example, we define three custom properties: `--primary-color`, `--secondary-color`, and `--font-size`. **Step 2: Use Custom Properties** To use a custom property, simply reference it in your CSS code using the `var()` function: ```css body { background-color: var(--primary-color); font-size: var(--font-size); } button { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: #fff; padding: var(--font-size); } ``` **Step 3: Perform Dynamic Calculations with the calc() Function** The calc() function allows you to perform dynamic calculations in your CSS code. To use the calc() function, pass a mathematical expression as an argument: ```css .container { width: calc(100% - 20px); padding: calc(10px + 10px); } ``` In this example, the calc() function is used to calculate the width and padding of the container element. **Step 4: Create a Theme-able Webpage** Using custom properties and the calc() function, create a basic webpage with a theme that can be easily switched. Create an HTML file with the following structure: ```html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Theme-able Webpage</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"> </head> <body> <header> <nav> <ul> <li><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#">About</a></li> <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li> </ul> </nav> </header> <main> <section> <h1>Welcome to our webpage!</h1> <p>This is a theme-able webpage using custom properties and the calc() function.</p> </section> </main> <footer> <p>© 2023 Modern CSS</p> </footer> </body> </html> ``` Create a CSS file with the following code: ```css :root { --primary-color: #3498db; --secondary-color: #f1c40f; --font-size: 16px; } body { font-size: var(--font-size); background-color: var(--primary-color); } header { background-color: var(--secondary-color); padding: calc(10px + 10px); } nav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } nav li { margin-right: 20px; } nav a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } section { max-width: calc(100% - 20px); margin: 20px auto; padding: 20px; background-color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } ``` **Challenge: Switch the Theme** To switch the theme, update the custom properties in the `:root` block: ```css :root { --primary-color: #f1c40f; --secondary-color: #3498db; } ``` This will switch the primary and secondary colors of the webpage. **Conclusion:** In this lab, you learned how to use custom properties and the calc() function to create a theme-able webpage. By defining and using custom properties, performing dynamic calculations with the calc() function, and creating a basic webpage with a theme that can be easily switched, you have gained hands-on experience with these advanced CSS techniques. **Additional Resources:** * [MDN Web Docs: Custom Properties](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Using_CSS_custom_properties) * [MDN Web Docs: calc() function](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/calc) **Leave a comment or ask for help:** If you have any questions or need help with this lab, feel free to leave a comment below. I'll do my best to assist you. **What's next:** In the next topic, we'll explore CSS preprocessors and why they are useful. We'll cover the basics of Sass and Less, and how they can improve your CSS workflow.

Images

Modern CSS: Responsive Design and Advanced Techniques

Course

Objectives

  • Master the fundamentals of CSS and how it is applied in modern web development.
  • Learn to create responsive, mobile-first layouts using Flexbox, Grid, and media queries.
  • Understand advanced CSS techniques including animations, transitions, and custom properties.
  • Develop skills in optimizing CSS for performance, maintainability, and accessibility.
  • Gain practical knowledge of CSS frameworks and preprocessors like Sass.

Introduction to CSS and Styling Basics

  • What is CSS? The role of CSS in web development.
  • Setting up the development environment (HTML + CSS).
  • CSS syntax, selectors, and specificity.
  • Applying basic styles: colors, fonts, backgrounds, and borders.
  • Lab: Set up a basic webpage and apply fundamental styles using CSS.

The Box Model and Layout Fundamentals

  • Understanding the CSS box model: content, padding, border, and margin.
  • Working with display properties: block, inline, inline-block, and none.
  • Positioning elements: static, relative, absolute, and fixed.
  • Best practices for managing layout and spacing in modern web design.
  • Lab: Create a webpage layout using the box model, positioning, and display properties.

Responsive Design with Media Queries

  • Introduction to responsive design principles.
  • Creating mobile-first designs using media queries.
  • Using viewport units (vw, vh) and percentage-based layouts.
  • Breakpoints and designing for different screen sizes.
  • Lab: Develop a responsive webpage that adapts to different screen sizes using media queries.

Flexbox: Modern Layout Techniques

  • Introduction to Flexbox and its advantages in modern layouts.
  • Understanding Flexbox properties: flex-direction, justify-content, align-items, etc.
  • Creating flexible, one-dimensional layouts with Flexbox.
  • Flexbox for responsive navigation bars and grids.
  • Lab: Build a responsive layout using Flexbox for flexible design components.

CSS Grid: Advanced Layout System

  • Introduction to CSS Grid and its use cases.
  • Defining grid containers and tracks (rows and columns).
  • Placing elements in a grid with grid-template-areas, grid-column, and grid-row.
  • Creating complex, responsive, two-dimensional layouts with CSS Grid.
  • Lab: Create a responsive grid-based layout for a complex webpage design.

Typography and Web Fonts

  • Best practices for modern web typography.
  • Working with web fonts: @font-face and Google Fonts.
  • Responsive typography with rem, em, and fluid typography techniques.
  • Styling text with CSS: font-size, font-weight, line-height, letter-spacing, and text-transform.
  • Lab: Apply responsive typography and custom fonts to enhance readability and design.

Transitions, Animations, and Transforms

  • Introduction to CSS transitions and how to animate property changes.
  • Using CSS animations: keyframes, animation properties, and timing functions.
  • Transforming elements with rotate, scale, skew, and translate.
  • Best practices for creating smooth and performant animations.
  • Lab: Implement CSS animations and transitions to enhance user experience on a webpage.

Custom Properties (CSS Variables) and Calc()

  • Introduction to CSS variables and how they improve maintainability.
  • Defining and using custom properties with the `--variable-name` syntax.
  • Using the `calc()` function for dynamic calculations.
  • Theming with custom properties: dark mode, light mode, and beyond.
  • Lab: Use custom properties and the calc() function to create a theme-able webpage.

CSS Preprocessors: Sass and Less

  • Introduction to CSS preprocessors and why they are useful.
  • Setting up Sass in a development environment.
  • Using Sass features: variables, nesting, partials, and mixins.
  • Compiling Sass to CSS and organizing large CSS codebases.
  • Lab: Write and compile Sass to create a structured, maintainable CSS architecture.

CSS Frameworks: Bootstrap or Tailwind CSS

  • Introduction to CSS frameworks and their benefits.
  • Overview of Bootstrap or Tailwind CSS for rapid UI development.
  • Using utility classes for responsive design and layout.
  • Customizing frameworks for unique designs.
  • Lab: Build a responsive webpage using a CSS framework (Bootstrap or Tailwind CSS).

Accessibility and Performance Optimization in CSS

  • Understanding web accessibility and its importance.
  • Making designs accessible: focus states, ARIA roles, and color contrast.
  • Optimizing CSS for performance: minimizing file sizes, using critical CSS, and avoiding bloat.
  • Tools and best practices for ensuring accessible and performant designs.
  • Lab: Audit a webpage for accessibility and performance issues and implement improvements.

Final Project Preparation and Review

  • Review of advanced CSS topics covered throughout the course.
  • Planning and designing the final project with a focus on responsive design and accessibility.
  • Best practices for writing maintainable CSS in real-world projects.
  • Q&A and troubleshooting session for final projects.
  • Lab: Start working on your final project, incorporating responsive design, accessibility, and performance optimizations.

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